æ
ə ɔ ½ ʒ ch=ʃ
ǎ ā ě ǐ
ō ǒ
ŭ ʉ
คำสรรพนาม / Pronomen
/ pronouns
pûag = Pluralanzeiger = plural indicator
ดีฉัน /
Personalpronomen / personal pronouns
pom = ich (m) = I (m)
chan = ich (f) = I (f)
kun = du = you
no:n = du (an eine jüngere Person) = you (to a younger
person)
kau = er / sie = he / she
màn = es (Tier, Sachen) = it
rau / pua(g) rau = wir = we
kau / pua(g) ka`´u = sie = they
tua eng = ich selbst / ich allein = me myself / me alone
คำสรรพนามมี
ความแตกต่างอย่างมีนัยสำคัญที่
ดี /
Personalpronomen mit feinen
Bedeutungsunterschieden /
personal pronouns with fine differences of meaning
|
(m)
|
(f)
|
Bedeutung
|
significance
|
pǒm
|
di-chǎn
|
ich (immer möglich)
|
I (always possible)
|
| chǎn |
chǎn |
ich (gleichgestellt oder gegenüber
Untergebenen)
|
I (same rank or in front of
subordinated people)
|
ka:/ku:
|
ka:/ku:
|
ich (gleichgestellt + zu Gegnern)
|
I (same rank + to enemies)
|
| kūn / tə: |
kun tə: |
du (immer möglich)
|
you (always possible)
|
| kæ: |
kæ: |
du (gleichgestellt oder gegenüber
Untergebenen, abwertend)
|
you (same rank or in front of
subordinated people, derogative)
|
'eng / məng
|
|
du (gleichgestellt, abwertend)
|
you (same rank, derogative)
|
| tan |
tan |
Sie |
you (polite diplomat form) |
kūn:
|
kūn: |
Herr / Frau ...
|
Mr. / Mrs. ...
|
คำสรรพนามชี้ / Demonstrativpronomen
/ demonstrative pronouns
nan = das da = this here
màn = dieser/e/s (Singular+Plural)
puag màn = diese (nur Plural) = these (only plural)
nan = jene/r/s = that
ni: (nachgestellt, postpositive) = dieser/e/s = this
ti: = dieser/e/s / so (verstärkend vor Adverb) = this
(reinforcing before an adverb)
อยู่ในความครอบครอง / Possessivpronomen
/ possessive pronouns
k
ɔ:ng = dein = your
hai po`´m (m) / hai chan (f) = für mich = for me
hai kūn = für dich = for you
hai ka`´u / ka`´o (m,f) = für ihn / für sie = for him / for
her
hai man = sein / für es (Tiere, Sachen) = his / for it
(animals, things)
hai rāu = für uns = for us
hai kau / hai pua ka`´u = euer, für sie = their, for them
hai màn = ihr (Tiere, Sachen) / sich = their (animals,
things)
ko`´ng po`´m (m) / hai chan (f) = für mich = for me
ko`´ng kūn = für dich = for you
ko`´ng ka`´u (m,f) = für ihn / für sie = for him / for her
ko`´ng màn = sein / für es (Tiere, Sachen) = his / for it
(animals, things)
ko`´ng rāu = für uns = for us
ko`´ng kau / hai pua(g) ka`´u = euer, für sie = their, for
them
ko`´ng màn = ihr (Tiere, Sachen) / sich = their (animals,
things)
nai ba:rn pom = in meinem Haus = in my house
คำสรรพนามคำถาม / Fragepronomen
/ question pronouns
nur am Satzende / only at the end of the sentence:
a'rai? = was ? = what?
arai'na? = was genau? = what precisely?
arinai? = welche? = which ones?
kì:? = wie viele? = how many?
krai? = wer? = who?
taurai? / tao rai? / tau lai kap? = wie viel? = how much?
tinai? = wo? / wohin? = where?
vorne und am Satzende / at the beginning and at the end of
the sentence:
m
ərai? = wann? = when?
tamai? = warum? = why?
unbestimmt:
di: mai? = wie? = how
ki:d
əan læu? = wie viele Monate = how many months?
ki:mong? = wann? um welche Zeit? = when? at what time?
ki: uan l
æu? = wie viele
Tage lang? = how many days long?
na:n? = wie lange? = how long?
taulaikap? = wie viele? = how many?
yangrai / ngai? = wie? = how?
คำวิเศษณ์ / Adverbien /
adverbs
คำ
วิเศษณ์สั้น / Kurze
Adverbien / short adverbs
bangja:n = etwas
banki: = vielleicht = perhaps
chan mai = ich (f) nicht
d
ʒang / jang = sehr = very
dʒə / je = sehr = very
dʒing / jing = wahr = true
dʒing dʒing / jing
jing = sicherlich = sure
gkäp = und / mit = and / with
gkäp / kap / mod = mit
i:k / kan i:k = wieder
iksi: = noch einmal
ka'luna = bitte = please
klap = zurück = back
ko = sehr = very
koi = so
lä = und
leutekun = it's up to you
likmai = wieder = again
ma:(g) / d
ʒang = sehr = very
mai = nein = no (mài = neu = new)
maiauigleau = nie mehr = never again
mai di: l
ɔi = überhaupt nicht = not
at all
mai k
ə:n / mai kə:i = nie = never
maikoidi: = nicht so gut = not so good
maimi: = ohne = without
maimi: arai = nichts
maimi ito pai = nicht mehr = not any more
mi duai = auch = also
na:i / kangnai = im = in
n
əan kan = dasselbe = the same
nitnoe = ein Bisschen = a little bit
pen day = möglich = possible
rakang = genug
r
ə: = oder = or
rod
ʒinan / tinan = dort = there
samkan / samxang = wichtig = important
schai = ja / so ist es
si: = bitte! (Aufforderung) = please! (request)
t
æa = aber
t
æ:kom =
vorherig = the one of before
tal
ɔ:t pai = für immer
tangmod = alle/s
taunan = nur = only
ti: = wirklich / so (verstärkend) = really
ti:di: = sehr gut = very good
tinai = wo = where
tinan / rod
ʒinan = dort = there
tini: = hier / hier dieser Ort = here
tuaeng = ich selbst / ich allein = me myself / me alone
yâik = schwierig = difficult
yang = noch
| เลขเบอร์ / Numerale:
Die Zahlen / numerals: numbers |
| จำนวน
/ Zahl / number |
เลข
อะตอม / Ordnungszahl / ordinal
number
|
หลายอย่าง
/ Vielfaches / multiples
|
0
|
sú:n
|
0.
|
ti: sú:n |
0x (nullmal / zero times)
|
sú:n krang (pop.
klang) |
1
|
nə`ng |
1.
|
ti: nə`ng |
1x (einmal / one time)
|
nə`ng krang (pop.
klang)
|
2
|
sɔ`´:ng
|
2.
|
ti: sɔ`´:ng |
2x (zweimal / two times)
|
sɔ`´:ng
krang (pop. klang) |
3
|
sá:m
|
3.
|
ti: sá:m
|
3x (dreimal / three times)
|
sá:m krang (pop.
klang) |
4
|
sì:
|
4.
|
ti: sì:
|
4x (viermal / four times)
|
sì: krang (pop.
klang) |
5
|
hâ:
|
5.
|
ti: hâ:
|
5x (fünfmal / five times)
|
hâ: krang (pop.
klang) |
6
|
hòk
|
6.
|
ti: hòk
|
6x (sechsmal / six times)
|
hòk krang (pop.
klang) |
7
|
dsèt / cèt
|
7.
|
ti: dsèt / ti: cèt
|
7x (siebenmal / seven times)
|
dsèt / cèt krang
(pop. klang) |
8
|
bpæ:t |
8.
|
ti: bpæ:t |
8x (achtmal / eight times)
|
bpæ:t
krang (pop.
klang) |
9
|
gkâ:u
|
9.
|
ti: gkâ:u
|
9x (neunmal / nine times)
|
gkâ:u krang (pop.
klang) |
10
|
sìp / sìb
|
10.
|
ti. sìp
|
10x (zehnmal / ten times)
|
sìp krang (pop.
klang) |
11
|
sìbèt
|
11.
|
ti: sìbèt
|
11x (elfmal / eleven times)
|
sìbèt krang (pop.
klang) |
12
|
sìp sɔ`´:ng |
12.
|
ti: sìp sɔ`´:ng |
12x (zwölfmal / twelve times)
|
sìp sɔ`´:ng krang (pop. klang) |
13
|
sìp sá:m
|
13.
|
ti: sìp sá:m
|
13x (dreizehnmal / thirteen times)
|
sìp sá:m krang
(pop. klang) |
14
|
sìp sì: |
14.
|
ti: sìp sì:
|
14x (vierzehnmal / fourteen times)
|
sìp sì: krang (pop.
klang) |
15
|
sìp hâ: |
15.
|
ti: sìp hâ: |
15x (fünfzehnmal / fifteen times)
|
sìp hâ: krang (pop.
klang) |
16
|
sìp hòk |
16.
|
ti: sìp hòk |
16x (sechzehnmal / sixteen times)
|
sìp hòk krang (pop.
klang) |
17
|
sìp dsèt / cèt |
17.
|
ti: sìp dsèt / cèt |
17x (siebzehnmal / seventeen times)
|
sìp dsèt / cèt krang
(pop. klang) |
18
|
sìp bpæ:t |
18.
|
ti: sìp bpæ:t |
18x (achtzehnmal / eighteen times)
|
sìp bpæ:t krang (pop. klang) |
19
|
sìp gkâ:u |
19.
|
ti: sìp gkâ:u |
19x (neunzehnmal / nineteen times)
|
sìp gkâ:u krang
(pop. klang) |
20
|
yi:sìp
|
20.
|
ti: yi:sìp
|
20x (zwanzigmal / twenty times)
|
yi:sìp krang (pop.
klang) |
21
|
yi:sìpèt |
21.
|
ti: yi:sìpèt |
21x
|
yi:sìpèt krang
(pop. klang) |
22
|
yi:sìp sɔ`´:ng |
22.
|
ti: yi:sìp sɔ`´:ng |
22x
|
yi:sìp sɔ`´:ng krang (pop. klang) |
30
|
sá:m sìp |
30.
|
ti: sá:m sìp |
30x
|
sá:m sìp krang
(pop. klang) |
31
|
sá:m sìp èt |
31.
|
ti: sá:m sìp èt |
31x
|
sá:m sìp èt krang
(pop. klang) |
40
|
sì: sìp |
40.
|
ti: sì: sìp |
40x
|
sì: sìp krang (pop.
klang) |
50
|
hâ: sìp
|
50.
|
ti: hâ: sìp |
50x
|
hâ: sìp krang (pop.
klang) |
60
|
hòk sìp |
|
|
|
|
70
|
dsèt / cèt sìp |
|
|
|
|
80
|
bpæ:t
sìp |
|
|
|
|
90
|
gkâ:u sìp |
|
|
|
|
100
|
rɔi
(pop. loi)
|
100.
|
ti: rɔi (pop. ti: loi)
|
100x
|
rɔi
krang (pop. klang) |
200
|
sɔ`´:ng
rɔí
(pop. só:ng lɔí)
|
200.
|
ti: sɔ`´:ng rɔí
(pop. ti: só:ng lɔí) |
200x
|
sɔ`´:ng
rɔí
krang (pop. ti:
só:ng lɔí
klang) |
1000
|
nə`ng pan:
|
1000.
|
ti: nə`ng pan: |
1000x
|
nə`ng pan: krang
(pop. nə`ng klang) |
10.000
|
mʉ`:n |
10.000.
|
ti: mʉ`:n |
10.000x
|
mʉ`:n krang (pop. mʉ`:n klang)
|
100.000
|
sæ`´:n |
100.000.
|
ti: sæ`´:n |
100.000x
|
sæ`´:n krang (pop. sæ`´:n klang)
|
1.000.000
|
lá:n
|
1.000.000.
|
ti: lá:n
|
1.000.000x
|
lá:n krang (pop. lá:n klang)
|
ตัวอย่างตัวเลข / Zahlenbeispiele
/ examples of numbers
lá:n
(Millionen, million)
|
100.000
|
10.000
|
1000
|
|
100
|
10
|
|
7
|
3
|
.
|
8
|
4
|
6
|
.
|
9
|
2
|
1
|
dʒèd / jèd
sìb
|
sǎ:m |
lá:n
|
bpæ`d
sæ`´:n |
sì: mʉ`:n
|
hòk pan
|
|
gâ:o rɔ:í |
yî: sìb
|
èd
|
ทศนิยม / Dezimalzahlen /
decimal numbers
d
ʒùd / jùd = Punkt = point / dot
3.94 = s
ǎ:m jùd gâ:o sì:
2.396 = s
ɔ`´:ng
jùd s
ǎ:m gâ:o hòk
ทศนิยมและสกุลเงินไทย / Dezimalzahlen
und thailändische Währung / decimal numbers and Thail
currency
Bàht = Baht, Symbol ฿, Abkürzung Thai Baht THB
sà dta:ng = Cents (25, 50 Cent-Münzen / cent coins)
฿ 4.25 =
sì: Bàht, yî: sìb hâ: sà dta:ng
฿ 28.75
= yî: sìb bpæ`t Bàht, dʒèt
sìb hâ: sà dta:ng
สำนวนและตัวเลข / Redewendungen
mit Zahlen / expressions with numbers
diao = nur ein/s/er = only one (of them)
kr
ʉng = ein
halbes / eine halbe = half of
só:ng sá:m = zwei oder drei = two or three
เลข: ครั้ง / Numerale:
Zeitangaben
d
əan = der Monat = month
kap = vor (zeitlich) = before (temp.)
ki:mo:ng = wann? welche Zeit? = when? what time?
mo:ng = Uhr (Uhrzeit) = o'clock (time indication)
só:ng mo:ng = zwei Uhr / um zwei Uhr = two
o'clock
na:ti: = die Minute = minute
pi: = das Jahr = year
sapda: = die Woche = week
tchomo:ng / tchuamo:ng = die Stunde = hour
só:ng tchomo:ng = zwei Stunden (lang) = two
hours (long)
uan = der Tag = day
dalo:ta uan = den ganzen Tag = the whole day
long
uela: = die Zeit = time
ui:na:ti: = die Sekunde = second
เลขจำนวนและปริมาณ / Numerale: Anzahl
und Menge / numerals: quantities
bangd
ʒa:n = etwas
bangkòn = jemand = somebody
diao = nur 1
lai kang leo = viele Male = many times
dti:a = kurz = short
i:k lang (nachgestellt) = noch ein = one more
kuam = sehr viel = lots of
la = jeder/e/s = each
la:i = viele = many
ma:(g) / d
ʒang / djang = viel
(nachgestellt) = much (postpositive)
ma:ma:(g) = sehr viel = very much
maimi: / maimi: arai (vorgestellt, before the substantive) =
nichts = nothing
maimikrai = niemand = nobody
nitnoe (nachgestellt, postpositive) = ein wenig = a little
bit
täla / tukon = jeder/e/s = every
tangmod / tuk sing = alle/s = all
ti: = einige = some
tuk = jeder/e/s = every
tuk tuk = jeder einzelne = every single
tuksing / sapasing = alles = all
tuk sing / tangmo(d) = alles = all
yay / dto: = gross = big
ตัวอย่างของจำนวนและ
ปริมาณ / Beispiele mit Anzahl und Menge
/ examples with quantities
ba:n i:k lang (nachgestellt) = noch ein Haus = one more
house
คำวิเศษณ์ขมับ / Temporale
Adverbien / temporal adverbs
ba:n krang = manchmal = sometimes
dion ni: / to:n ni: = jetzt ("Moment, dieser") = now
dti:a = kurz = short
du(k) = spät = late
gk
ɔ:n =
vor = before
hungni: / prungni: = morgen = tomorrow (uanpungni: = gestern
= yesterday; uanni: = heute = today)
ig song una = in 2 Tagen = in two days
kang l
æo = Male = times
k
ən ni: = diese Nacht = this night
krang n
əng = sofort = at
once
land
ʒanan / lanjanan= später =
later
lang d
ʒa: / lang dja: = nach = after
l
æo = schon = already
manau / dionni: = jetzt = now
nai reo reo ni: = in kurzer Zeit = in a short time
na:n = lang = long
na:n l
æo = lange Zeit =
a long time
nəng dəan læo = einen Monat lang
nəng uan læo
= einen Tag lang
pi: l
æo = Jahre alt =
years old
reu / uay = schnell = fast
reureu ni: = bald / kurze Zeit = soon
sam
ə = immer = always
sinsu: = beendet, fertig = finished
tiang / tiang uan = am Morgen = noon
t
ɔlɔ:t uela / tɔlɔ:t pai = für immer = for ever
tug k
ən = jede Nacht = every night
tug uan = jeden Tag = every day
tug tug = jeder einzelne = every single
tug tug uan = jeden einzelnen Tag = every single day
uanni: = heute = today
uanpungni: = gestern = yesterday
คำวิเศษณ์ท้องถิ่น /
Lokale Adverbien / local adverbs
no:k ba:n = draussen = outside
คำวิเศษณ์คู่มือปฐมนิเทศ / Richtungsanzeigende
Adverbien / adverbs of direction
a:í = links = left
sa:i = nach links = to the left side
kua: rechts, nach rechts = right, to the right side
trung = geradeaus
คำถามสุดท้ายที่จุดสิ้นสุดของประโยค / Schlussfragen
am Ende des Satzes / question words at the end of the
phrase
mái? = oder? / oder nicht? = or not?
schâi mái? = ja oder nein? = yes or no?
r
ə plàu?
คำสันธาน / Konjunktionen
/ conjunctions
d
ʒon kua: / jon
kua: = bis = until
duehetni: = deshalb = therefore
kua: / m
əan = als (vergleichend) =
as (comparison)
m
əa / ta: / uela: (a. Zeit, time) = wenn =
when
proua: / prou
æ: = weil =
because
ua: = die/der/das (Relativpronomen) / dass / ob = that
(relative pronoun)
คำบุพบท / Präpositionen /
prepositions
b
ɔn / kangbɔn = auf = on
d
æ / hai = für = for
d
ʒa:k = von / aus = of /
from
dtai / kang dtai = unter = under
duai = durch = by
kâ:ng / kang kâng = bei = near
lang / kang lang = hinter = behind
nâ: = vor (a. das Gesicht) = in front of
pai = zu / zur / zum (a. gehen) = to (also: to walk)
rá uà:ng = zwischen = between
tab = gegen = against
tî: = beim = at
tong kâ:m = gegenüber = in front of
