D - ESP
"Walipini" - the pit greenhouse (underground greenhouse) 02: construction details with plans etc.
Live autarkic: NO pesticides - NO machines - NO long transports - NO overuse of water reserves in warm regions for plantations, etc.
LITTLE energy consumption - Mother Earth has got it!
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Andes: A Walipini is a greenhouse
with earth warmth where the temperature never goes
lower than 0 degrees Celsius. The 3 models:
 
 Andes: A Walipini with a gable roof semi-underground greenhouse with geothermal heat, where it never gets below 0 degrees. [1] Pit greenhouse, profile [3] - The solar green house with it's solar front side, with double earth walls and special colors [6] Warning: PVC plastic film is highly toxic. A transparent roof must be made of plexiglas or a glass roof - with hail protection with a chicken wire. Plastic film contaminates the air with plasticizers and microplastics. |
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presented by Michael Palomino (2018 / 2022)
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Literature
-- James McCullagh: The Solar Greenhouse Book - edition: Rodale press
-- Mike Oehlers: The Earth Sheltered Solar Greenhouse Book
-- Underground Greenhouse: https://insteading.com/blog/underground-greenhouse/
-- some supplements by Michael Palomino (2022)
Pit greenhouse fully underground, cross section scheme [3] - Pit greenhouse on the surface with earth walls, cross section scheme [4]
Translation:
A few days ago I came across a very good article on the Internet (from ecoosfera.com) where a greenhouse was presented for plantation throughout the year.
The title was "Building a pit greenhouse for growing food all year round" (orig. Spanish: "construye un invernadero bajo tierra para crecer alimento todo el año"). Find the article under this title if you like.
If you think about it, then several advantages are possible with it:
- The earth walls are storing the heat and are releasing the heat into the room
- The cover is not much above the ground level and the winds have no influence on the small construction and on the roof
- In dry climates it is easier to manage such a building, and inside, not pouring is necesary because there is hardly any evaporation.
In addition, I also came up with the idea that this construction can also be used on existing walls if there are old ruins (in villages there are many small plots that have half-crushed houses). So you clear the debris (stones, bars and tiles), make a plastic roof with a wood structure over it and stack a few earth bags on the inner walls. Perhaps there is also a little bit of fertilizer in the ground if the property has served as a stable.
Both versions (the pit greenhouse and the greenhouse o the floor) seem to me to be great ideas for people who live on the countryside. The variations of the building options are in the photo.
With this plan, the earth walls are doubled which is principally not needed. Just the raised beds are missing.
Plan of a pit greenhouse "Walipini" completely sunk with normally not needed earthbags and plaster, cross section [2]
Translation:
The Walipinis are a great alternative - efficient and economical - for producing food throughout the year, even in freezy places.
Usually it takes some type of greenhouse for food production in frost areas and for extending certain seasons for longer plantation. The problem with this is that the greenhouses are very expensive with their construction and become even more expensive in winter with heating. A very simple and effective alternative is the Walipini (a word from the Amaymara [Aymara?]-Hindu language which means "a warm place", also known as a pit greenhouse.
It was first developed 20 years ago, for the high frost areas of the mountains in South "America". This method allows the farmers to have a productive garden all year round, even with frost during the cold season.
The incredible of the Walipini is that the principles of warming by the sun can be combined with the earth wall architecture. And the construction is very simple.
In simple words, the Walipini is a rectangular pit that is dug into the ground with a depth of 2 to 3 meters, covered with a plastic tarpaulin. The largest area is the winter sun (in the southern hemisphere to the north, in the northern hemisphere towards the south). A thick, pressed earth wall serves as the back wall, and the wall at the front side [with the window front] is much smaller. This results in the right angle for the plastic roof. This roof now closes the pit and now offers a closed airspace with two plastic sheets. At the same time, the sun rays can pass the plastic roof and thus provoke a constant warm space for plant growth.
The Internet is full of instructions on how to build one, and it is undoubtedly one of the most efficient and most economical buildings for an all-year food production. According to the Benson Institute (which have a guide - link), the costs [in Bolivia] for one one is only between $ 250 and $ 300 dollars.
2002: The documentation of the Benson Institute about the walipini pit greenhouse in Bolivia
Link of the Benson Institute in the Internet archive from 2013: https://web.archive.org/web/20130312233540/http://www.bensoninstitute.org/ (läuft)
Link to the documentation of the walipini pit greenhouse in the high Andes of Bolivia pdf: link
(from the Internet archives: https://web.archive.org/web/20220000000000*/http://www.bensoninstitute.org/Publication/Manuals/Walipini.pdf )
Documentation of the Benson Intitute about the walipini pit greenhouse in Bolivia of 2002 [8]
Bolivia, walipini pit greenhouse in the high Andes, cross section with roof, walls, door and topsoil [9]
Bolivia, walipini pit greenhouse in the high Andes, the roof has got a 90 degree angle with the winter solstice sun [10]
Bolivia, walipini pit greenhouse in the high Andes, summer and winter solstice, scheme [12]
Walipini roof with an inclined angle to the sun's position [11]
According to the experience in Illinois, the angles are not so important, but what is important is the amount of earth walls and above all the right closing in winter.
Bolivia, walipini pit greenhouse in the high Andes, view from above on the salad beds with two doors crossway [13]
Bolivia, walipini pit greenhouse in the high Andes with a ventilation system with two doors in a crossed way [14]
Bolivia, walipini pit greenhouse in the high Andes with a ventilation system with two doors in a crossed way and a roof window [15]
Bolivia, Walipini pit greenhouse, view from outside with the ventilation system with an open outlet in the roof [16]
Bolivia, walipini pit greenhouse in the high Andes with a ventilation system with a chimney outlet [16]
Bolivia, walipini pit greenhouse in the high Andes with rain water safety system with roof plastic sheets on the soil aside the walipini [17]
Bolivia, walipini pit greenhouse in the high Andes with rain water barrels and rain gutter system [18]
Bolivia, walipini pit greenhouse in the high Andes with rain water trapping system in barrels in the interior [19]
Bolivia, walipini pit greenhouse in the high Andes with inclined walls [20]
Nov.4, 2015: Have a pit greenhouse which is safe against the cold without heating cost (!)
(orig. German: Ein kältefestes unterirdisches Gewächshaus bauen)
[web02] https://www.zamnesia.com/de/blog-ein-kaltefestes-unterirdisches-gewachshaus-bauen-n787
Translation:
<Build your own one
You need a pit in your garden, this looks not so noble, but this can be a great project at the end. The basic principles don't depend on it's size, and a pit greenhouse can be adopted to any situation, and the good news is that it does not cost much; all what you need is some time and some work.
You need:
-- energy, will, capability working by hands
-- transparent plastic
-- a place for the building
The basic principle is a rectangle of at least 2,5m of depth (when you want to grow big plants it must be even deeper. The exact lenght or width is not important, but it should be big enough for giving space to many plants (and perhaps also some storage place).
The lenght of the rectangle should be digged in a way so there is a sunny side to the sun in winter and a shady side where the sun never is - in the northern hemisphere the sunny side looks to the south. But when you are in the southern hemisphere, the sunny side looks to the north.
Now, digging out the pit, you pile up the earth on the shadow side so there will be a high earth wall. At the sunny side there must be some earth for the base of the roof. That's the way the angle of the roof is created as a sun roof. On the roof construction some plastic sheets are fixed. For getting a maximum of solar radiation, the roof with it's plastic sheets should have an angle of 39 degrees downwards.
When you finished this, you install the side walls for having a completely closed pit.>
[Supplement: Door, stairs, and ventilation
Don't forget the stairs and the door on one side, and some outlets for ventilation on both sides on the shear walls. Suffisticated pit greenhouses have also outlets on the top of the roof so hot aire in summer is leaving the pithouse streaming up - Michael Palomino 2022].
[Supplement: Trench and earth tables like raised beds
Best pit house is with raised beds. So dig first 80cm to 1,5m deep pit and then a trench in it of 1 meter of depth in the middle so 2 earth tables are coming out working like natural raised beds. The walls of the trench have to be secured with wooden boards otherwhise you have always stained trouthers.
Michael Palomino 2022].
Ladakh (India), Feb.3, 2011: Technics for building a pit greenhouse on the surface
http://solargreenhouse.org/index.html
The web site is from Feb.3, 2022 but can be seen in the Internet Archives only: https://archive.org/
Link in the Internet Archives of Feb.3, 2011: https://web.archive.org/web/20220000000000*/http://solargreenhouse.org/index.html
NGO Geres: info.india@geres.eu
Documentation pdf: https://www.geres.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/passive-solar-greenhouse-india-2009.pdf (English)
Ladakh (India) Feb.3, 2011: Technics for building a pit greenhouse [5]
Plan of the pit greenhouse on the surface with it's solar front side, with double earth walls and special colors [6]
Video: Ladakh (India) 2009: Walipini Earth wall solar green house works at -30ºC NO HEATING - Treibhaus (5'39'')
Erdmauer-Passiv-Solartreibhaus funktioniert auch bei -30ºC OHNE HEIZUNG
Link: https://www.bitchute.com/video/Wv5zUK1EKqHB/ - Bitchute-Kanal: NatMed-etc. - hochgeladen am 15.8.2022Ladakh (India) 2009: Walipini Earth wall solar green house works at -30ºC NO HEATING - TreibhausMountain communities are typically less affluent than their counterparts in lowland regions, and poverty and food security is still a fact in many mountainous areas. The drawing of policies and plans is less effective in these areas. Moreover, policy implementation is undermined by complex mountain topography, isolation and remoteness factors. Therefore, remote & isolated mountainous regions are often described by three factors; inaccessible, fragile and marginality to political and economical development.
Food security remains the major preoccupation of mountain communities in many parts of Asia, in the higher altitude and remote parts of the Hindu Kush-Himalayan region. The climatic conditions in this region of the Himalayas are very harsh: winter temperatures fall below -30°C, and precipitation is extremely low. The natural resources are limited, and farmers rely on subsistence agriculture as their main source of survival. In the winter, snowfall blocks the high passes and roads are closed, and the population must rely almost entirely on its own resources for survival.
The Renewable Energy and Environment Group GERES, supported by its partners in development (European Commission, Foundation Ensemble & French Ministry of Foreign Affairs) works with mountain communities to help them establish tools and processes that will
-- strengthen and develop local potentials,
-- improve livelihoods, and
-- provide people with better options for remaining in their home areas.
Many innovative tools have been developed, improved, and adapted for local use. e.g., Passive solar greenhouse.
One of the major challenges is to help communities use the inactive winter period to increase food security and generate additional income. Fortunately, one resource that the trans-Himalayan area has in abundance is sunshine, especially in winter. Solar radiation can be used to improve the quality of life in many ways. Potential benefits include warming houses, schools, dispensaries and handicraft centre and developing off-season agricultural activities such as composting, greenhouse production, and poultry farming. This Community of best practice will focuses on the passive solar greenhouses that enable vegetables to be grown during winter in the high altitude areas of the trans-Himalayas.
The main objective of this best practice framework is to develop a common platform in the cold-arid region of Asia to share knowledge on:
- Further development and improvement of passive solar greenhouse according to respective climatic conditions.
- Dissemination of solar greenhouse technology for the improvement of winter livelihood in remote and isolated mountainous areas.
- Ensuring food security during the extreme winter conditions in the remote and isolated regions of cold-arid regions of Asia.
The Western Indian Himalaya region has an average elevation of 3500m above the sea level and it is characterized by harsh climatic conditions such as low precipitation, temperature dipping to -25° Celsius and limited agricultural growing season.
For six months of the year the roads are impassable and the region is cut off. Vegetables must be supplied by aeroplane. As a result of these extra transportation costs, prices increases by three fold. However, passive solar greenhouses in cold arid region has made possible to produce fresh vegetables to ensure the food security for the people during extreme winter condition in this region.
Despite it has a wide socio-economic impact and social mobilisation on the local population.
During the implementation
During the installation phase the major activities was on social mobilisation and training.
- During the Installation phase 163 out of 400 villages were covered in the project.
- Community based training were given to 15 resource persons on solar greenhouse construction and agro-running. In addition employment opportunities were generated for 221 mason and 15 carpenters on solar greenhouse construction.
After the implementation
After the installation significant impact was on socio-economical, gender empowerment & health.
- Income generation in peri-urban is supplemented by 15-20 % where as in the remote areas income is supplemented by 30%. Additionally, for the commercial promoter’s income is boosted by 80-100%.
- Gender empowerment; Women are mainly involved in running the passive greenhouse (from farming to selling the vegetables in the market) and this has led to their empowerment as they decide how to utilize the money earned (often for their children’s education). Despites, for the first time women in Kargil and Padum are enabled to sell vegetables in their local market.
- 4,000 people benefit directly by consuming and selling fresh vegetables from their own IGH. In addition, 53,000 people benefit indirectly from IGH by buying fresh vegetables and bartering with the IGH owners. The overall beneficiaries comprise 25% of total population and are now able to consume fresh leafy vegetables and which has made significant improvement in their health and quality of life.
- Due to the simplicity of the technology self replication has been already done by more than 50 families. Eventually, 650 families are now enabled to run passive solar greenhouses.
Web site 4: The solar green house with it's solar front side, with double earth walls and special colors [6]
During winter, the greenhouse traps enough energy during the day to ensure that the vegetables do not freeze at night. The temperature variation between day and night should be minimized to reduce thermal stress to the plants. Overheating during the day can be prevented using natural ventilation for cooling, regulated by manually operated shutters. Ventilation also regulates the humidity and thus helps to limit diseases and pests.
There are four main factors that work together to make a solar greenhouse an efficient user of the available energy (See Figure)
- Collection of the maximum amount of solar radiation during the day
- Efficient storage of the heat collected from the sun radiation during the day
- Release of this heat to the interior of the building during the night
- Reduction of heat losses by insulation of the whole greenhouse
- Ventilation due to overheating to prevent from diseases and pest
The passive solar greenhouse for cold areas described has several components, which together ensure that these requirements are met:
A [white+transparent] polythene sheet: The South side picks up the largest amount of solar energy. The polythene transmits the majority of incident solar radiation into the greenhouse. This warms the interior space and is absorbed by
-- the vegetables,
-- the ground, and
-- the walls [of pure earth or of clay bricks].
The sheet can be covered with a moveable layer of insulation like a curtain, cloth, or mat after sunset to reduce night time heat loss. The polythene sheet is set at an angle and supported by a wooden frame.Double wall: Walls on the east, west, and north sides are used where the amount of incident solar energy is limited. These walls are either buried into a hillside or insulated to limit heat loss and increase thermal storage. The walls are composed of three layers: an outer load-bearing wall built with mud brick, rammed earth, or stone; an inner wall used to store heat during the day and release it at night, also built with mud brick; and an insulating layer of materials like straw, sawdust, wood shavings, dry leaves, dry grass, or wild bush cuttings pressed between the two.
Wall Color: The inner side of the west wall is painted white (whitewash) to reflect the morning solar radiation after the coldness of the night; the inner side of the east wall and north wall are painted black to absorb and store the afternoon solar radiation [at a maximum], which is then released at night to heat the interior space.
Roof: The fixed roof is sloped (to the north) at an angle of 35°. In winter, when the sun has a low elevation angle, this angle optimizes the solar radiation absorption on the inside surface. During summer, when the sun is high in the sky, the roof partly shades the greenhouse and reduces the risk of overheating. The roof is covered with a layer of insulation (straw, or similar); a piece of white cloth or parachute material can be added below it to improve the insulation and reflect solar radiation onto the vegetables. The shape of the roof reduces the interior volume compared to traditional greenhouses, thus increasing the interior temperature.
Summary about the inclined northern roof:
-- The northern part of the roof is inclined by 35º and 1) improves the sun's radiation and energy intake of the walls in winter and 2) during summer gives the interior a shadow against overheating
-- The roof is covered with straw layer as an insulation etc.
-- Under the roof, a white cloth or parachute cloth can be attached for reflection of the sun's radiation to the vegetables
-- The inner volume is reduced by the inclined roof and therefore the interior temperature is increased.
Door & Ventilation: The door is located on the wall opposite to the side from which the prevailing wind blows (the lee side) to reduce infiltration of cold air. Roof on the north side is tilted to avoid shading in winter and reduce the interior volume to limit heat loss.
On sunny days, the air in the greenhouse can become very warm. Overheating (over 30°C) can damage the vegetables and encourage diseases and pests. Manually operated openings (ventilators) are provided in the lower part of both sides (door, wall shutter) and in the roof. The warm air rises and leaves the greenhouse through the roof ventilator, drawing in the cooler ambient outer air through the lower ventilators.
India
LEHO (Ladakh Environment & Health Organisation)
LNP (Leh Nutrition Project) [Leh=Ladakh]
LEDeG (Ladakh Ecological and Development Group)
Ecosphere
Little Earth
BIOM
Join us: info.india@geres.eu
Read more:
https://web.archive.org/web/20110301190629/http://solargreenhouse.org/geres.html
GERES (Groupe Energies Renouvelables Environnement et Solidarités) is an International NGO set up in 1977 in France aiming at supporting local organisation to implement renewable energy, environment and income generation activities. GERES is working in 12 countries in South East Asia, Hindu Kush-Himalaya, Central Asia, North Africa, West Africa and France. GERES and local partners conduct R&D, develop integrated implementation package (target group, access to investment, capacity building of local stakeholders & SME), advocate and share knowledge with other stakeholders through publication, trainings and seminar.
Implementing area
The greenhouses are implemented at large scale in the cold deserts Western Indian Himalayas in the districts of Leh, Kargil (J&K) and Lahaul & Spiti (H.P). These cold deserts are characterized by cold and long winter:
-- -20°C,
-- 6 month frost
-- low precipitation (50mm per year) and
-- scarcity of biomass [no forests, no meadows].
The access road are closed 6 months per year: during this period, the vegetable are [were] supplied by flight from the Indian plain and prices rise by 3 times. In remote area, vegetable are [were] not available at all.
Pilot projects are implemented in Afghanistan, Nepal and Kyrgyzstan.
Experience in vegetable growing under greenhouse
- Research and Development in design
R&D in design development (transparent cover, wall, roof, hotbed, ventilation) for several climates based on investment capacity of community and local materials since 1990- Research and Development in agricultural running
Vegetable adapted to cold climate, sowing date, pest control since 1999- Implementation
More than 600 solar greenhouse are implementated in Western Indian Himalaya including 10 commercial greenhouses. It is awared by Asdhen Awards for sustainable energy 2009- Publication
Running, construction, methodological guides and documentary film for decisions makers, technician and farmers in English, Ladakhi, Urdu, Hindi, Russian, Tajik and Kygriz
Domain of expertise
Design, agro-running, methodology development for pilot project and scaling up (target group, access to investment, capacity building, private sector development), carbon finance and documentation.Contact:
GERES India
Vincent Stauffer ,GERES, K-25 Dharam Niwas, Green Park Extension, New Delhi 110 016, India
Telephone: +91 1982 251 586
Mail: v.stauffer@geres.eu / info_india@geres.eu
Website : http://india.geres.euImproved Greenhouse - Practical Running Guide
English | English - UrduSolar greenhouse - Running Manual
English | Russian | TadjikImproved Greenhouse - Agro Running
English | Russian | TadjikPassive Solar Greenhouse in Ladakh
English2009 Ashden Awards - CASE STUDY
Himalaya solar scheme wins Global Green Energy Award - PRESS RELEASE
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MOVIE - Click here to view Videos on the following topicsAward for Improving Nutrition
GERES, India
GERES has worked with local NGO’s in Ladakh to design a robust greenhouse that captures and retains the sun’s heat. It has built 600 greenhouses that enable villagers to grow vegetables throughout the year - even when temperatures drop to -25°C. Greenhouse owners eat eight times more vegetables than before and their incomes have increased by 30 percent. The project is leading to better nutrition and health for over 50,000 people – a quarter of the local population.
Video: GERES, solar greenhouses in India - 2009 Ashden Award winner
Video link on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8xFe91lMRH0 (working)
Video link on Bitchute: Link: https://www.bitchute.com/video/Wv5zUK1EKqHB/ (working)
NGO GERES in India: Walipini passive solar greenhouse in Ladakh in India [7]
Video: Ladakh (India) 2009: Walipini Earth wall solar green house works at -30ºC NO HEATING - Treibhaus (5'39'')
Erdmauer-Passiv-Solartreibhaus funktioniert auch bei -30ºC OHNE HEIZUNG
Link: https://www.bitchute.com/video/Wv5zUK1EKqHB/ - Bitchute-Kanal: NatMed-etc. - hochgeladen am 15.8.2022Ladakh (India) 2009: Walipini Earth wall solar green house works at -30ºC NO HEATING - Treibhaus
Video: Prince Charles, keynote speaker at Ashden Awards for Sustainable Energy 2009
Video-Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ACjvf8lqY6I (working)
YouTube Channel:Ashden
Geres Indian Himalayas
English | French
http://solargreenhouse.org/video_Geres_Indian_Himalayas.html
Greenhouse running
English | Ladakhi
Greenhouse Advocacy Ladakh
English
Greenhouse construction
EnglishIt is currently Mon Jan 31, 2011 7:47 pm
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Legend: Administrators, Global moderatorsProceedings of the seminar "Energy and Climate Change in cold regions of Asia
Local, national and international organisations from Hindu-Kush Himalaya, Central Asia and Europe had gathered at Leh in April 2009 to share their best practices and technologies in development sector. The 4-days seminar was organized by GERES India at Leh (Ladakh) in Northern India, from 21-24 April 2009.
GERES is very pleased to inform you that we have finally published the book - Proceedings of the Seminar 'Energy and Climate Change in Cold Regions of Asia'.
[This link is in the Internet Archives showing 30 important pdfs that DON'T open.
The web site of GERES from 2022 (https://www.geres.eu/) shows no documents about Ladakh any more].
GERES at Copenhagen, dec. 2009
GERES, a NGO whose primary focus is in both climate change and development, will take part in the next Conference of the Parties (COP15) in Copenhagen from 7 to 18 December 2009.
- press release (working)
- GERES' programme at Copenhagen (working)
- Visit the Blog : cop15.geres.eu
Project partners
Funders
- the European Commission (not working)
- Fondation Ensemble (working)
- Michelham Foundation
Additional support
A network of six NGOs from Ladakh, Lahaul and Spiti, and two European NGOs collaborate on different projects for the livelihood enhancement of Indian Western Himalayas.
Ladakh Ecological Development Group
LEDeG: Ladakh Ecological Development Group - ledegleh@gmail.com
Ladakh Environment and Health Organisation
LEHO: Ladakh Environment and Health Organisation - tashileho@yahoo.com
Leh [=Ladakh] Nutrition Project: LNP - lnpleh@yahoo.co.in
SKARCHEN: Society for Knowledge and Responsibilities of Culture Health Education and Nature - skarchen@yahoo.com
Spiti Transhimalayan Action Group: STAG: Spiti Transhimalayan Action Group - nonostagkaza@yahoo.com
SECMOL: Students' Educational and Cultural Movement of Ladakh - info@secmol.org - Web: www.secmol.org
Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association - BORDA - office@borda.de - Web: www.borda-sa.org
GERES : Groupe Energies Renouvelables Environnement et Solidarité - tel : 0091 1982 251 586 - india@geres.eu - Web: www.geres.eu
Links about pit greenhouses
The partially-submerged YMCA Solar Greenhouse in Blacksburg, Virginia.
A clearinghouse of info on solar greenhouses from L. David Roper.
Mike Oehler’s Earth Sheltered Greenhouse.
Photos of underground greenhouse construction in Kyrgyzstan.
How Joseph Orr built a mud heat-storage solar greenhouse that even heats an adjacent room.
A step-by-step look at building a cinder block underground greenhouse.
Photos of a bermed, solar-heated greenhouse in Southern Idaho.
Step-by-step construction photos of a small, earth-sheltered greenhouse.
Step-by-step instructions and designs for a quonset hut style greenhouse made from chain link fence top railings. You’ll need a lot of land for this one.
If you’re okay with this, here’s how to build a greenhouse that’s heated by an adjacent chamber of compost.
What life is like at the Solviva greenhouse, where it’s 4 degrees outside but, inside the greenhouse, you can be plucking fresh tomatoes in 75-degree heat.
Best books with instructions for building a pit greenhouse
The Earth Sheltered Solar Greenhouse Book by Mike Oehler
Solviva: How To Grow $500,000 On One Acre by Anna Edey
The Winter Harvest Handbook: Year Round Vegetable Production Using Deep-Organic Techniques and Unheated Greenhouses by Eliot Coleman
Solar Greenhouses Underground by Daniel Geery
The Solar Greenhouse Book by James McCullagh
Gardener’s Solar Greenhouse: How to Build and Use a Solar Greenhouse for Year-Round Gardening by Ray Wolf
More sources about pit greenhouses
National Center For Appropriate Technology: Learn about slope, orientation, glazing, etc
Solar Greenhouses: Lots of info here by L. David Roper!
Compost heated greenhouses: Provided by the National Center For Appropriate Technology
Cedar Built Greenhouses: Wood greenhouse kits, they will make a kit for your foundation
Build It Solar: For other solar greenhouse links
Video about pit greenhouse
(This is part 1 of 34 (so far)!)
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Photo sources
[1] Walipini, tiefgelegtes Gemüsefeld: halb unterirdisches Treibhaus mit Erdwärme, wo es nie unter 0 Grad wird:
-- www.facebook.com/gmofreeusa - www.gmofreeusa.org
-- see in 2022: https://www.facebook.com/rosanna.silvestro.39 - on 26.10.2021:
https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10223905585580190&set=basw.AbqJQL3yzyc0kuSGL6WmZs0mKKajgnBWepQn6kL9tAbYAYKyWrRGBg89P4wHaB_CZ3tJC3V3ELdRZPsGtuvTtAE2ldHs3UEdd4gJd8urcpPyvWcSp7bNpiceyM3a2cI58Qt2SRHUl-Z5zAS-i0NSiazlEHyjYkDJTi8TPWpRBG7jOQ&opaqueCursor=AbpADL5TnM5zOYbZ6THfcfjkQ1RmYYZG9n1JAJXJBjUQDt4Am6jwEFAE4tP-toeEIvRV9ezLG4ZhjCpIehn50NLdCVfoHy-2GDt9yOH-9Bh2-smIa9FGkQhrsM61nEdXY1IQQ-j4fSArdj6HBFIR4vzM_knohK0kSXRlZRquBij8DdtXGCfvA40uMOd7VcqNbF21ezty0eGDle8pfx4x_d9H6zHDqMtevDDyVp8GDfV5u9sO7igzEtuQEFb5RHGqRHpQrL_NvLjJP-qsgdR2YDexVkTEb0hSQNNK7yWutBuVwy-PV1m3job6rMdh4phgDPujXtt9Zlq6a2ob1bP6Y-_K2P9pmMWXhIbY3VKB6W2z0w--3sO0CYJx79sjcRbhJeUTj5BUvRB5Yyk-2W8SUMvZobNC7z0eZmJbxBxTnPn6oMh1KcejJSTtDNOohCVCNNalofqU9fuin0OxnkXg5F9BQrOIu-6jCwu2V3QoG26Ykoq4fSt5ONKZAtETFzu8P2-Nd19e-2oYJFv0_ZH4dL7OGM8p5A1626LccUltNBQ-P--HR7WJg3XRl-t8zYgqQBQ6JpjQduRAy5DIJnVTXOLD8a1kog2_0RWEYxY7VrEUvjMBoYp_IknbZD9xGDIosF4VICHG_YGVtozZJtxMFFkoKyA9yuuNR9gY0_qzsjzShz_pos7MvGKvfjRWvkzz05QKXBegV6qSM4XVmwkTqR07qd4lTv-lDqK9GTu_RHZq4AmIoyo_EBjkhCDhmLE5heVjtgGMFLXJMvU7cYO5J1sxXzNtI6G9Aq6AUc7s9FRaqIxpCn53AFmsq905unztW3eV8DvF50yqKlXwuHx8XY8C20Fstrtw2UJkZx2Lsaf0At8TPo4RIUoTsEMuHP1JRmp7f3sCI5Rez1VqV-T95NZ44kbyMjQGrXBVk7tN16hV2tRR311qx4pbxpMgwpdPPUw
[2] Plan of a completely sunk pit greenhouse: http://alt158.blogspot.com/2014/02/invernadero-bajo-tierra-walipini.html
[3] Plan of a pit greenhouse fully underground, cross section scheme:
https://agricultorfindesemana.wordpress.com/2014/03/02/un-invernadero-bajo-tierra-o-en-una-vieja-cuadra/
[4] Plan of a pit greenhouse on the surface with earth walls, cross section scheme:
https://agricultorfindesemana.wordpress.com/2014/03/02/un-invernadero-bajo-tierra-o-en-una-vieja-cuadra/
[5] Ladakh (India) Feb.3, 2011: construction of a pit greenhouse on the surface by NGO GERES:
https://web.archive.org/web/20110203102241/http://solargreenhouse.org/index.html
[6] Plan of the GERES pit greenhouse at Ladakh (India) with solar front, doubled earth walls and special colores:
https://web.archive.org/web/20110201073208/http://solargreenhouse.org/solar_greenhouse.html
^