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Wave energy 01: chamber wave power plants 02: Mutriku (Motrico) in Spain 01

Mutriku, the port, the piers and a large protective dike with a large integrated wave power plant - 970 MWh per year -- the technology -- prototypes -- functioning with vertically installed turbines -- a lot of wave energy in winter, less in summer -- air chambers -- 600 kWh per year, 2.7 million euros -- Euskadi, Nereida -- pier construction -- planning and data -- construction of the air-wave chambers (air chambers for pressed air) -- construction of the turbine hall -- details

Map of Mutriku (Motrico) and Deba showing the large new dike with the integrated wave power plant. [5]	The wave power plant of Mutriku, scheme of operation 02 [19]	The completed wave power plant of Mutriku (Motrico) with the turbine hall, integrated in the protective dike, view from the shore [31]
Mutriku (Motrico), large protective dike with integrated wave power plant, zoom satellite photo (yahoo maps). [34]

Presentation by Michael Palomino (2014 / 2022)

Mutriku

Mutriku, the harbor, the piers and a large protective dike with a large, integrated wave power plant
Map with Spain and Mutriku (Motrico) [1]	Mutriku on the cliff [2]
Mutriku, the inner of the harbor piers [3]	Mutriku, pier with a small breakwater pier in front of it [4]
Map of Mutriku (Motrico) and Deba with the large, new protective pier with the integrated wave power plant [5]. On the map of google maps this big protective dike is missing and the wave power plant is missing! As of March 10, 2014: Mutriku (Motrico) on the map of google maps: The fishing harbor, the big protective dike and the wave power plant are missing [6]. But on the satellite photo everything can be found:   Mutriku with the large protective dike with the integrated wave power plant, satellite photo from google maps [7]. Mutriku with the large protective dike with the integrated wave power plant, satellite photo from yahoo maps [8]. The wave power plant of Mutriku (Motrico) is integrated in the protective dike, cross section:  The wave power plant of Mutriku (Motrico) integrated into the protective dike, cross-section [9]

<The wave power plant of Mutriku> (Motrico) - 970 MWh per year
(orig. German: Das Wellenkraftwerk von Mutriku)

from Mossad Wikipedia: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_undimotriz_de_Motrico
Translation:

<Coordinates.: 43°18′44.7″N 2°22′37.8″O (Karte)

The wave power plant of Mutriku is a power plant for the production of electricity. Here, the energy is produced by the wave motion in the sea. The power plant is located in Mutriku, in the Spanish Basque Country, and was inaugurated on July 8, 2011. It consists of 16 turbines with a total capacity of 296 kW, producing 970 megawatt-hours (MWh) per year. It is the first commercially operating wave power plant in the world. [1]

This power plant was built on the outer dike which is protecting the port of Mutriku. The technology used is an Oscillating Water Column (OWC) system. The moving water column produces an air current that flows up and down, keeping the turbines in motion. [2]

The project belongs to the company Ente Vasco de la Energía, EVE (link), and cost 6.7 million euros, of which the Basque government contributed 2.7 million, that is, this was the cost of building the power plant, and the cost of the dike was 4.4 million euros. The construction was undertaken by the Scottish company Wavegen, which belongs to the Voith Group, a division of Voith Siemens (link). The wave technology OWC with the moving water column was developed there. The turbines were produced at Voith's plant in the town of Tolosa.

The power station is a "wave power station", not a tidal power station.

The technology

In 1799, the first patent was registered in France for an energy generating apparatus using wave energy. Before that, the currents of the tides were already used for millworks - the tide mills (link). At the beginning of the 21st century, more than 1000 patents for wave energy were registered, although only about 20 of them were further developed, producing prototypes for practical testing.

In Mutriku, the power plant is built into a protective dike and the construction had to be suitably stable. In addition, the deviation of the design due to the installation in a dike should be kept as low as possible.

The power plant works with a rising and falling water column. Prototypes of this type are located on the Islay Island (link) in southeastern Scotland and on Pico Island (link) on the Azores (Portugal, link). In both cases, a turbine was built horizontally, both times also by the company Wavegen. [4]

Prototype: Wave power plant (wave chamber power plant) in Limpet on Islay Island in Scotland
Map with England, Scotland and Islay Island [10]	Wave power plant at LImpet on Islay Island in Scotland, schema [11]
Wave power plant in Limpet on Islay Island in Scotland [12]	Wave power plant in Limpet on Islay Island in Scotland, back view with the turbine [13]

+

Wave power plant (wave chamber power plant) in the Azores on the island of Pico
Map with Spain, Portugal, and the azores with Pico Island [14]	Wave power plant on the Azores on Pico Island under construction [15]
The wave power plan on the Azores on Pico Island [16]	Wave power plant on the Azores on Pico Island, back view with the turbine [17]

The mode of operation

The operation of the "rising and falling water column" is very sophisticated and is based on pressing and sucking air currents caused by the change of water level in the water chamber. The change of water level is provoked by the waves.

When a wave reaches the air chamber, the water level rises and pushes the air up through the turbine. If the wave level sinks, the falling water level sucks the air down and also moves the turbine. The turbines always remain in motion in the same direction.

Mutriku (Motrico): The turbines at the wave power plant are installed vertically - schema The wave power plant of Mutriku, scheme of operation [18] The wave power plant of Mutriku, scheme of operation 02 [19]

Properties

A lot of wave energy in winter - less in summer

The climate studies for the region indicated that the energetic resources are changing from season to season: Winter (October to March) and Summer (May to August), with transition periods being April and September. The energy also varies on the coast depending on the angle to the swell and depending on the construction of the power plant.

An average energy production of 26 kW/m has been observed when aligned with N59W angel, but it varies from season to season:

-- in winter 44 kW/m [?]
-- in summer 9 kW/m [?]
-- and in the transitional period 19 kW/m [?]

On the coast of Mutriku, on the dike near the cape of Machichaco, the values at 30 meters of sea depth are

-- in winter 18 kW/m [?]
-- in summer 4,8 kW/m [?]
-- and 8.8 kW/m in the transition period. [?]

In order to determine the best location of the power plant in the dike, different studies have been made: The wave size, the influence of shipping. Initially, there were four possible locations (three on the dike and one on the top of the dike). It was decided to locate the power plant in the dike curve, at a water depth of 4 to 7 meters.

Then the water chambers were constructed with their geometry, the dimensions of the openings, the separations of the openings, the relationship between the lower and upper openings, the height of the air chambers, the thickness of the walls, etc. ... and there were experiments with three-dimensional models.

Then, finally, the location was determined 100 m away from the shore in the dike in the dike curve, with 16 chambers and one turbine, each with 18.54 kW nominal power. Thus, a total power of 296 kW is available.

The construction of the wave power plant: air chambers, turbines

The turbines are of the "Wells" type (Wells turbines), 2.83 meters long, 1.25 meters in diameter, weighing 1200 kg each, with symmetrical wheel blades, so that the turbine rotates independently of the flow direction. There are two rotors with five rotor blades at the beginning and end of a turbine. There is also a control system to tune the inertia to stabilize the output power. The turbines were installed vertically above the nozzle, which closes by gravity with a butterfly valve. A cleaning system with fresh water removes incrustations caused by the salt water. Silencers are also installed.

The 16 turbine generators are divided into two groups of 8 turbines each. The speed of each turbine is measured with the air pressure in the air chamber and so the output power is optimized in each case. The working voltage of the generators is 400 volts alternating current, but it is variable (sometimes very high). This is compensated in each case to feed a constant voltage into the grid at 50 heart (Hz). For feeding the grid, the voltage is increased to 13.2 kV.

600.00 kWh per year - cost 2.7 million euros

The energy produced annually is 600,00 kilowatt hours (kWh) which corresponds to 600 tons of CO2. The contracted company was the Scottish Wavegen. The cost estimate was 1.7 million euros. The real cost ended up being 2.7 million euros.

The wave power plant of Mutriku is part of the EU program for alternative energies: "Euskadi", project "Nereida".

The inauguration was actually scheduled for October 2009 and was then postponed to June 2011. The wave power plant is part of the strategic energy plan "Euskadi", which aims to have 12% of the energy demand covered by renewable energy by 2010 in order to comply with the Kyoto Protocol. The financing came partly from the 7th Marco Program of the European Commission, where the project is called "Nereida MOWC". [4]

The history of Mutriku Bay

The port of Mutriku is located in a small natural bay between the foothills of Burumendi to the northeast and Punta Alkolea to the east. These foothills protect the bay from storms. This bay has been used as a harbor bay since ancient times. The inhabitants of the bay paid taxes to the Crown in the form of a whale as early as the 13th century, even before the founding of Mutriku.

Pier buildings

At the end of the 14th century, it was Evaristo de Churruca (link), from Mutriku, who designed the protective piers for the port. Sometimes the waves that entered the harbor were very high and made it impossible for the ships to stay in the harbor basin. In the course of the 20th century, Ramón Iribarren Cavanilles (link) made a wave study inside the harbor (on this study was then based the work "Method of calculation of the swell" (original Spanish: "Método de cálculo de los planos de oleaje"). He discovered the problem of the resonance of the returning wave (onda de resaca). Iribarren solved the problem by dredging the bottom of the harbor basin and by placing breakwaters in various locations. But even then, during bad weather, the arrival to the port was still dangerous.

The harbor now has got two piers, one to the north and one to the south, leaving an opening of 20 meters. Parallel to the northern breakwater, there is still a protective structure. At the end of the 20th century, the access to the port of Mutriku was upgraded and improved with modern technology. Calculation methods are used to derive the swell in the harbor from the swell outside on the coast.

Mutriku Bay (Motrico) with large protective dike and integrated wave power plant [x001].

During the study of the refraction of the waves, it was discovered that the refraction of the wave starts partly at the eastern edge at the entrance of the bay and then gradually increases and extends to the center of the bay. Waves over 5 m high are formed only when the wave develops on the whole width of the bay. Mostly, however, it comes from the eastern point.

After these studies, 17 proposals for improvement were then developed. As a solution, it was then decided to build an outer dike, in order to break up the wave coming from the Burumendi side. The final project included the following points: The new dike was separated from the shore so that a beach could be built inside, replacing the existing beach. In addition, the construction of a wave power plant was to be made possible. [4]

The breakwater / protective dike

Planning and data

The solution applied included a protective dike 440 meters long with two rocky ends, the one closer to the coast with a depth of 2 meters under the sea, the end further from the coast with a depth of 17 meters under the sea. The access to the protective dike is a path 370 meters long.

Map of Mutriku (Motrico) with the fishing port and the large protective dike with the wave power plant with it's dimensions [20]. And first the access road is built, which is also on a dike: Construction of the access dike to the position of the protection dike [21]

The dike was built along its entire length from the stop angle with a slope with prestressed concrete as masonry. The core of the dike consists of a whole piece and as a mantle breakwaters and natural stones are placed around the core, the stones being of different sizes, 45, 25 and 15 tons.

Protection dike with wave power plant under construction 01 [22]	Construction of the large dike, and air pressure chambers are already partly set, aerial photo [23]
Protection dike with wave power plant under construction 02 [24]	Construction of the air pressure chambers of the Mutriku wave power plant, view of the elements [25]

The data of the protective dike:

-- Data at the bottom: between 2 and 17 meters below sea level.
-- Volume of the core: 600,000 tons in one piece (from 0 to 200 kg)
-- Volume of breakwaters (blocks between 1 and 3 tons): 145,000 tons
-- Volume of breakwaters (limestone weighing up to 15 tons): 19,500 tons
-- Volume of breakwaters (limestone up to 25 tons): 112,500 tons
-- Volume of breakwaters (limestone up to 45 tons): 65,500 tons
-- Data from the concrete stop angle: 16.5 meters
-- Height above the base stop angle of the concrete: 10 meters.

The construction work was awarded in May 2005. The studies on how the wave power plant should be integrated into the dike were completed in spring 2006. According to the planning, the construction work was to be completed in 2009. Various problems then caused delays in 2010, and the power plant was inaugurated in 2011, even though the construction of the dike was not yet complete. [4]

The construction of the air-wave chambers (compressed air chambers)

The construction of the Mutriku wave power plant, view of the completed wave air pressure chambers, aerial view. 01 [26]	The construction of the Mutriku wave power plant, view of the completed wave air pressure chambers, aerial view 02. [27]
Then the air chambers are covered and only the openings for the turbines remain: The wave power plant of Mutriku under construction: The humid air of the surf flows through the still open turbine holes [28]

Various studies on site indicated that the wave power plant should be located in the area of the dike curve. The power plant is 100 meters long and does not affect the road or the function of the dike.

It simply widens a portion of the dike. At the dike curve, the wave power plant is then placed on the outside at a length of 220 meters with a water depth of 5 meters (or BMVE). The structure extends to 4.2 meters below sea level. A concrete slab 0.8 meters thick is walled in with 1.5 meter long anchors, 25 mm in diameter.

The rocks up to 25 tons are removed and instead the vertical air-wave chambers of concrete are built. The outer limit of this wall coincides with the width at the base of the slope. The opening of the chambers, where the movement of the waves takes place and is converted into energy, has dimensions of 3.2 m high by 4 m wide, and extends 3.4 m below sea level, so that the chamber always remains below sea level.

The air chambers are made of prefabricated elements of reinforced concrete (type HA-35/P/20/IIIc+Qb with cement CEM III/B 32,5R), which are then installed. These elements are of 45 Tm weight and the walls are 0.4 or 0.5 meters thick. The elements are trapezoidal and contain two or three relief spaces [?] next to the air-wave chamber. Two types of structural elements were used, some open to the front, corresponding to the first 4 elements of each column, and besides, the other elements closed on all sides. A total of 256 components were used, 64 of them open and 192 of them closed. Each column consists of 4 open components with dimensions from 3.40 to 0.20 m below sea level and 12 closed components with dimensions from 0.2 m below sea level to 9.6 m above sea level.

The dimensions of the components:

-- Shape: trapezoidal
-- length: 12,25 m
-- side length: 6,10 and 5,80 m
-- corners: 0,80 m
-- thickness of the beams: 0,40 and 0,50 m
-- Number of cavities: 2 or 3 lightening cavities, one for the air pressure chamber
-- Material: reinforced concrete HA-35.
-- Weight: 45 Tn.
-- Number of pipes for passage: 4.

The components were transported in blocks of 8 pieces. The construction works with the components lasted three days.

The relief spaces were filled with concrete and with crushed stone. In this way the monolithic behavior of the building and the union with the dike was achieved. The whole structure is enclosed by a concrete structure with reinforced concrete. In the upper part, the ceiling is 80 cm thick. There the turbines are installed on it.

The construction of the turbine hall (turbine house)

Mutriku: The construction of the turbine house, at the right end the walls are still being poured [29].

Then the connecting walls are set:

Mutriku: The wave power plant is connected to the dike [30]
The completed wave power plant of Mutriku (Motrico) with the turbine hall, integrated in the protective dike, view from the shore [31]	Mutriku wave power plant, the turbine hall (turbine house) [32]

Mutriku: View from the rear of the completed protective dike with the wave power plant [33]

The turbine house is 5.4 meters high, 6.10 meters wide, and 100 meters long. Abutments are placed every 25 meters. The complete height is 16.5 meters, which corresponds to the height of the dike.

Opposite the turbine house, at the rear of the structure, a terrace of 1600 m2 was opened, spanning the space of the embankment of the dike core. This terrace is protected by the prefabricated concrete elements, 3 m thick, 6 m long and 1.6 m wide. Again, two relief spaces were applied, filled with concrete afterwards to give the structure a monolithic behavior. The spur-like dike end is connected to the hall, so the construction gets a harmonic look. The same is done with the stop angle. Everything is shuttered with crushed limestone. The power plant is thus completely integrated into the dike. The cables and tubes (electricity, water, telecommunication) are realized through the access path to the dike. [4]

The data about the cables and tubes:

-- Electricity: two corrugated pipelines, diameter 160 mm
-- Drinking water: one polyethylene pipe, diameter 90 mm
-- Telecommunications: four corrugated pipes, diameter 110 mm

Mutriku (Motrico), big protective dike with a wave power plant integrated, satellite photo zoom (yahoo maps) [34]

The construction work in detail

First, the access dike was built. For the foundation, an area 14.25 m wide and 102 m long was used with a water depth of half a meter. This work was carried out using floating pontoons. The rock underground was excavated and an excavator was used to remove the rock. The trench was filled with 20 cm of concrete and over this, a reinforced concrete surface 90 cm thick was placed as a base for the prefabricated structural elements. The foundation is fixed with eight anchors of 32 cm, each 1.5 m long. The reinforced concrete surface has 36 anchorages of 80 cm, and in the cavities the rest of the building is fixed with the air-wave chambers or air-pressure chambers.

The arrangement of the components was made beginnint at the center of the dike, using a large crane with a lifting capacity of 50 tons up to 40 m high. The components were installed with the help of divers. The maximum tolerance was 4 cm, which was then subsequently filled with concrete.

After the construction of the casing, the relief chambers were filled to reinforce the monolithic behavior. These cavities of 4.3x4.5 meters were filled with underwater concrete (type HM-30/P/20IIIc+Qb) for the areas under water, and with crushed stone for the areas above water. The small cavities at the front (0.75 meters high like holes) and at the back (0.85 meters high) were filled with underwater concrete and with reinforcements. The vertical joints were filled with concrete with PVC pipes with 400 mm, using the bolt method.

When the structure with the pressure chambers reached 6 meters in height, it was united with the dike. For this purpose, the layer with the 25-ton limestones was removed and prefabricated two-cell structural elements were inserted on the side of the building to close the distance. The cavity between the vertical structure of the power plant and the heart of the dike was filled with crushed stone.

The turbine hall was built above the wave air chambers, which were closed and linked by prefabricated structures. The air chambers have walls 80 cm thick. They must withstand the air pressure and the weight of the turbine. When closing the air chambers, an opening of 0.75 meters in diameter was left open to install the turbine above. The walls of the turbine hall were built with reinforced concrete. Towards the sea side, the wall has a thickness of 1.65 meters, while the other sides have a thickness of 0.85 meters. Three concrete colums of concrete divide the turbine hall into four sections.

According to the design, the building is integrated into the dike, with railings, covers and accesses.

The structure is completed with the attachment of the terrace of 1600 m2, which is clearly visible from both sides. At the end, the supply lines for drinking water, telecommunications and electricity will also be installed. [4]

Quellen

1. Ir a ↑ Primera planta comercial de energía mareomotriz a nivel mundial por construir en el rompeolas de Mutriku - Contrato concedido a Voith Siemens Hydro Tolosa PR Newswire Europe Ltd.
2. Ir a ↑ Implantación de la Central de Oleaje. Colegio de ingeniero de caminos, canales y puertos del País Vasco
3. Ir a ↑ Mutriku inaugura la primera planta de aprovechamiento de olas de Europa El fabricante. Noticias de Gipuzkoa. Elene Arrazola - Viernes, 8 de Julio de 2011 - Actualizado a las 05:37h
4. ↑ Saltar a: ^{a b c d e f} Implantación de una central undimotriz en el nuevo dique de abrigo del puerto de Mutriku>

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Photo sources

Mutriku (Motrico)
[1] Karte mit Spanien und Mutriku (Motrico): http://www.naberan.com/html/cast/contacto/index.htm
[2] Mutriku an der Steilküste: http://www.laspain.com/imagen-4-de/guipuzcoa/mutriku/675.html#.Ux1my0gcZ0o
[3] Mutriku, die inneren Hafenmolen: http://www.pueblos-espana.org/pais+vasco/guipuzcoa/mutriku/718735/
[4] Mutriku, Hafenmolen mit einer kleinen Wellenbrechermole davor: http://www.pueblos-espana.org/pais+vasco/guipuzcoa/mutriku/El+Puerto+2/
[5] Karte von Mutriku (Motrico) und Deba mit der grossen, neuen Schutzmole mit dem integrierten Wellenkraftwerk: yahoo maps
[6] Mutriku (Motrico) auf der Karte von google maps: Der Fischerhafen, der grosse Schutzdeich und das Wellenkraftwerk fehlen: google maps
[7] Mutriku mit dem grossen Schutzdeich mit dem integrierten Wellenkraftwerk, Satellitenfoto von google maps
[8] Mutriku mit dem grossen Schutzdeich mit dem integrierten Wellenkraftwerk, Satellitenfoto von yahoo maps
[9] Das Wellenkraftwerk von Mutriku (Motrico) in den Schutzdeich integriert, Querschnitt:
http://www.asmatu-injenieritza.com/Default.aspx?lng=ES&mod=gescontenidos&sec=detalle&cod=53

Wave chamber power plant on Islay Island
[10] Karte mit England, Schottland und der Insel Islay: google maps
[11] Wellenkraftwerk in Limpet auf der Insel Islay in Schottland, Schema: http://brageconsultores.blogspot.com/2009/04/planta-de-energia-maritima-en-motrico.html
[12] Wellenkraftwerk in Limpet auf der Insel Islay in Schottland: http://writd.blogspot.com/2011/03/scottish-revolution.html
[13] Wellenkraftwerk in Limpet auf der Insel Islay in Schottland, Rückansicht mit Turbine: http://www.solarserver.de/news/news-5179.html

Wave chamber power plant on Pico Island on the Azores
[14] Karte mit Spanien, Portugal, den Azoren und der Insel "Pico": https://maps.google.de/
[15] Wellenkraftwerk auf den Azoren auf der Insel Pico im Bau: http://www-prosub-com.planetaclix.pt/fotos_1.htm
[16] Wellenkraftwerk auf den Azoren auf der Insel Pico: http://www.abae.pt/programa/JRA/trabalhos/2005_06/jra_artigo_desc.php?lang=ptg&id=45
[17] Wellenkraftwerk auf den Azoren auf der Insel Pico, Rückansicht mit Turbine:
http://ecofoto-acores.blogspot.com/2008/09/central-de-energia-das-ondas-na-ilha-do.html;
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_HCI8G38mQgs/SMg_-No-ojI/AAAAAAAAAbg/fd09kIVbTYE/s1600-h/central.jpg

Wave chamber power plant in Mutriku (Motrico)
[18] Wellenkraftwerk von Mutriku, Schema der Funktionsweise: http://blogs.lainformacion.com/futuretech/2011/07/08/asi-funciona-la-primera-planta-planta-de-aprovechamiento-de-olas-de-europa-que-se-inaugura-hoy-en-mutriku-vizcaya/
[19] Das Wellenkraftwerk von Mutriku, Schema der Funktionsweise 02: http://www.powermag.com/a-new-wave-ocean-power/?pagenum=3
[20] Karte von Mutriku (Motrico) mit dem Fischerhafen und dem grossen Schutzdeich mit dem Wellenkraftwerk mit den Abmessungen: yahoo maps

[21] Bau des Zufahrtswegs zum grossen Schutzdeich auf einem Deich: http://www.ingeplan.eu/proyecto/dique-mutriku-gipuzkoa
[22] Schutzmole mit Wellenkraftwerk im Bau 01: http://www.power-technology.com/projects/mutriku-wave/mutriku-wave1.html
[23] Bau des grossen Deichs, und Luftdruckkammern sind zum Teil schon gesetzt, Luftaufnahme: http://www.ingeplan.eu/proyecto/dique-mutriku-gipuzkoa
[24] Schutzmole mit Wellenkraftwerk im Bau 02: http://www.power-technology.com/projects/mutriku-wave/mutriku-wave3.html
[25] Bau der Luftdruckkammern des Wellenkraftwerks Mutriku, Sicht auf die Elemente: http://www.ingeplan.eu/proyecto/dique-mutriku-gipuzkoa
[26] Der Bau des Wellenkraftwerks von Mutriku, Sicht auf die vollendeten Wellen-Luftdruckkammern, Luftaufnahme 01:
http://www.asmatu-injenieritza.com/Default.aspx?lng=ES&mod=gescontenidos&sec=detalle&cod=53
[27] Der Bau des Wellenkraftwerks von Mutriku, Sicht auf die vollendeten Wellen-Luftdruckkammern, Luftaufnahme 02:
http://www.energiasmarinas.es/cas/energiamarina_energiadelasolas_3.aspx
[28] Wellenkraftwerk von Mutriku im Bau: http://blogs.lainformacion.com/futuretech/2011/07/08/asi-funciona-la-primera-planta-planta-de-aprovechamiento-de-olas-de-europa-que-se-inaugura-hoy-en-mutriku-vizcaya/
[29] Mutriku: Der Bau des Turbinenhauses, die Seitenmauern sind gesetzt:
http://www.asmatu-injenieritza.com/Default.aspx?lng=ES&mod=gescontenidos&sec=detalle&cod=53
[30] Mutriku: Das Wellenkraftwerk wird mit dem Deich verbunden: http://www.topolan.net/wp-content/gallery/topolan/central-de-oleaje-mutriku.jpg

[31] Das Wellenkraftwerk von Mutriku (Motrico) im Schutzdeich integriert, Sicht vom Ufer aus: http://www.power-technology.com/projects/mutriku-wave/mutriku-wave2.html
[32] Wellenkraftwerk von Mutriku, die Turbinenhalle: http://blogs.lainformacion.com/futuretech/2011/07/08/asi-funciona-la-primera-planta-planta-de-aprovechamiento-de-olas-de-europa-que-se-inaugura-hoy-en-mutriku-vizcaya/
[33] Mutriku: Sicht von hinten auf den vollendeten Schutzdeich mit dem Wellenkraftwerk: http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=206301&page=12
[34] Zoom-Satellitenfoto: yahoo maps
[x001] Mutriku (Motrico), grosser Schutzdeich mit integriertem Wellenkraftwerk, Zoom-Satellitenfoto: yahoo maps

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